Meem Sakinah: Rules and Application
Tajwid – Meem Sakinah rules with examples and common mistakes
Meem Sakinah (ميم ساكنة)
Meem sakinah is a meem (م) with a sukoon. It has three rules depending on the letter that follows it.
The Three Rules
Ikhfaa Shafawi (إخفاء شفوي) – Labial concealment: When followed by ب. The meem is partially hidden with ghunnah (2 beats). Example: أَنتُم بِهِ
Idghaam Shafawi (إدغام شفوي) – Labial merging: When followed by another meem. The two meems merge with ghunnah. Example: لَهُم مَّا
Izhaar Shafawi (إظهار شفوي) – Labial clarity: When followed by any other letter. The meem is pronounced clearly. Example: عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ
Common Mistake
Many reciters incorrectly apply ghunnah to izhaar shafawi. When meem sakinah is followed by any letter except ب or م, it must be pronounced with no nasalisation.
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