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AP Physics: Kinematics and Newton's Laws

AP Physics – kinematics equations, projectile motion and Newton's Second Law

Kinematics Equations

AP Physics 1 kinematics questions describe motion without explaining the forces causing it. Master these four equations:

  • v = v₀ + at

  • x = x₀ + v₀t + ½at²

  • v² = v₀² + 2a(x − x₀)

  • x = x₀ + ½(v₀ + v)t

Projectile Motion

Treat horizontal and vertical motion independently. Horizontal: constant velocity (no acceleration). Vertical: free fall with g = 9.8 m/s². Time of flight is determined by vertical motion only.

Newton's Second Law in AP Physics

ΣF = ma. Draw a free-body diagram first, choose a coordinate system, then write separate equations for x and y components. This systematic approach earns full credit on the AP exam.

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